護理師照護一位大面積燒傷病人。最可能使用哪種隔離方式?
The nurse is caring for a client with a major burn. Which type of isolation is most likely to be used?
- AContact precautions接觸隔離
- BAirborne precautions空氣隔離
- CDroplet precautions飛沫隔離
- DProtective (Reverse) isolation✓ 正解保護性(反向)隔離
核心概念是皮膚屏障受損後的保護機制。皮膚是人體最大的免疫器官,大面積燒傷(Major burn)病人失去了這道防線,極易發生全身性感染或敗血症。保護性隔離(Protective isolation),也稱為反隔離(Reverse isolation),其目的是透過限制訪客、要求工作人員穿戴防護衣物(口罩、手套、隔離衣)以及使用過濾空氣,來減少病人接觸到環境中病原體的機會。這與一般的傳染病隔離不同,它是為了保護病人不被我們傳染,而非保護我們不被病人傳染。
Clients with major burns have a compromised skin barrier, making them highly susceptible to infection; therefore, protective (reverse) isolation is implemented. This type of isolation focuses on protecting the patient from environmental pathogens rather than protecting others from the patient. Measures include limiting visitors and requiring staff to wear masks and gowns to reduce the risk of introducing infections to the burn victim.
美國燒傷中心(Burn Center)對於環境控制非常嚴格,常使用正壓病房。台灣臨床對於大面積燒傷通常也會採取類似的保護措施,但「Protective isolation」這個術語在 NCLEX 中常與嗜中性白血球減少症或大面積燒傷連動,考生需熟悉此專有名詞。