護理師正在給予靜脈注射（IV）萬古黴素（Vancomycin）。為了減少併發症風險，護理師應採取哪些行動？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving intravenous (IV) vancomycin. Which actions should the nurse perform to minimize the risk of complications? (Select all that apply.)
- AInfuse the medication over at least 60 minutes✓ 正解以至少 60 分鐘的時間輸注藥物
- BMonitor serum creatinine and BUN levels✓ 正解監測血清肌酸酐和 BUN 數值
- CAssess the injection site for signs of phlebitis✓ 正解評估注射部位是否有靜脈炎的跡象
- DIncrease the infusion rate if the client develops flushing若病人出現潮紅，則加快輸注速度
- EMonitor trough levels as ordered✓ 正解依指示監測谷濃度
萬古黴素具有腎毒性與耳毒性，給藥速度過快會引發「紅人症候群（Red man syndrome）」，故建議給藥時間至少 60 分鐘以上。監測腎功能指標及藥物血中谷濃度（Trough level）可有效降低毒性風險；靜脈炎則是常見的給藥併發症。出現紅人症候群應減慢速度而非增加速度。
To minimize complications, the nurse should infuse vancomycin slowly over at least 60 minutes to prevent Red Man Syndrome and monitor trough levels to ensure therapeutic efficacy while preventing toxicity. Additionally, monitoring renal function via serum creatinine and BUN is essential because vancomycin is nephrotoxic, and assessing the site helps detect early signs of phlebitis.
美國醫院藥師對於 Vancomycin 監測介入極深；台灣則常由護理師主動回報抽血時間，藥師負責給予劑量建議。