— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位閉合性頭部外傷病人發展為尿崩症 (Diabetes Insipidus)，護理師預期會觀察到什麼？
A client with a closed head injury has developed Diabetes Insipidus. What would the nurse expect to see?
- AHigh urine specific gravity高尿液比重
- BWeight gain due to water retention因水分滯留而體重增加
- CExcessive dilute urine✓ 正解大量稀釋尿液
- DDecreased urine output尿量減少
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
尿崩症（Diabetes Insipidus, DI）是因為抗利尿激素（ADH）分泌不足或腎臟對其反應不佳，導致腎臟無法濃縮尿液。臨床上會出現大量稀釋尿液（Polyuria），尿比重（Specific gravity）極低。病人在體液流失後會感到極度口渴（Polydipsia）。護理師需監測尿量、比重及電解質，以預防嚴重脫水與高血鈉。
Diabetes insipidus results from insufficient antidiuretic hormone, causing the kidneys to excrete large volumes of dilute urine. Consequently, the nurse expects to observe excessive polyuria with a very low urine specific gravity, rather than concentrated urine or weight gain.