— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
病人診斷為急性腎損傷（AKI），護理師預期會觀察到哪些發現？（選所有適合的）
A client is diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI). Which of the following findings would the nurse expect to observe? (Select all that apply.)
- AHyperkalemia✓ 正解高血鉀症
- BMetabolic acidosis✓ 正解代謝性酸中毒
- CIncreased serum creatinine✓ 正解血清肌酸酐增加
- DDecreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN)血中尿素氮（BUN）降低
- EHypophosphatemia低血磷症
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
急性腎損傷導致腎絲球過濾率下降，造成含氮廢物堆積（BUN/Creatinine 升高）、代謝性酸中毒（無法排出氫離子與保留重碳酸鹽）、高血鉀（腎無法排鉀）。E 選項錯誤：腎損傷通常會伴隨高磷血症，非低磷。
Acute kidney injury results in decreased glomerular filtration, leading to the accumulation of waste products such as increased serum creatinine and BUN. The kidneys' inability to excrete hydrogen ions and potassium causes metabolic acidosis and hyperkalemia, respectively. Hypophosphatemia is incorrect; hyperphosphatemia is typically observed due to reduced phosphate excretion.
✦ 台美臨床差異
兩地對 AKI 的電解質監測標準一致，皆將高血鉀視為需要密切監測心電圖的危急指標。