— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
哪種電解質失衡最可能導致慢性腎臟病病人的心律不整？
Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to cause cardiac dysrhythmias in a client with chronic kidney disease?
- AHyponatremia低血鈉
- BHyperkalemia✓ 正解高血鉀
- CHypocalcemia低血鈣
- DHypophosphatemia低磷血症
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
慢性腎臟病（CKD）病人因腎絲球過濾率下降，無法有效排除鉀離子，極易產生高血鉀（Hyperkalemia）。鉀離子直接影響心肌細胞靜止膜電位，高血鉀會導致 T 波尖聳（Peaked T-waves）、QRS 波變寬，最終演變為致命的心室顫動（VF）或心跳停止，是腎臟病照護中最需優先處理的電解質失衡。
Secondary prevention focuses on early detection through screening to identify asymptomatic diseases, thereby improving treatment outcomes and reducing mortality. For middle-aged adults, this includes regular mammography for breast cancer, Pap tests for cervical cancer, and blood pressure monitoring to detect hypertension early, whereas dietary education and stress management are classified as primary prevention.