— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · SATA —
一位經歷重大創傷的病人，下列哪些徵象顯示其罹患創傷後壓力症候群 (PTSD)？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client who experienced a major trauma. Which findings indicate the client is experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? (Select all that apply.)
- AFlashbacks of the traumatic event✓ 正解創傷事件的閃回
- BPersistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma✓ 正解持續逃避與創傷相關的刺激物
- CIncreased arousal and reactivity✓ 正解覺醒度與反應性增加
- DDecreased heart rate during quiet activities安靜活動期間心率下降
- ENegative alterations in cognition and mood✓ 正解認知與情緒的負面改變
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
PTSD 的四大診斷標準為：重現創傷（Flashbacks）、逃避行為（Avoidance）、認知與情緒的負向改變（Negative cognition）、以及過度警覺（Hyperarousal）。D 選項中，PTSD 病人通常呈現過度警覺，心率會偏高而非偏低。
Post-traumatic stress disorder is indicated by flashbacks, avoidance behaviors, negative alterations in cognition and mood, and increased arousal such as hypervigilance.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣目前針對創傷後心理衛教資源較少，多半依賴精神科醫師診斷；美國護理師在社區篩檢 PTSD 的比例較高。