護理師照護一位喪偶的個案，哪些發現表示個案正經歷健康的哀傷過程？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is providing care to a client who recently lost their spouse. Which findings indicate the client is experiencing healthy grieving? (Select all that apply.)
- AExpressing intense sadness and yearning for the deceased✓ 正解表達強烈的悲傷並渴望逝者
- BEngaging in activities that were previously enjoyed✓ 正解參與過去喜愛的活動
- CDifficulty sleeping and occasional loss of appetite✓ 正解睡眠困難和偶爾食慾不振
- DStating that they want to be dead to join their spouse表示想死以與配偶團聚
- EDiscussing memories of the spouse with friends✓ 正解與朋友討論關於配偶的回憶
健康的哀傷是正常的心理反應。表現出強烈悲傷、渴望逝者、睡眠與食慾短暫改變，以及與人分享回憶都是正常的調適過程。選擇 B 顯示個案仍有參與活動的意願。選項 D 為自殺警訊，屬於病理性的哀傷反應，需立即評估與介入。
Healthy grief is a normal psychological response. Expressing intense sadness, longing for the deceased, transient changes in sleep and appetite, and sharing memories with others are all part of a normal adjustment process. Option B reflects the client's continued willingness to participate in activities. Option D represents a suicide warning sign and is a pathological grief response that requires immediate assessment and intervention.
美國非常重視喪親輔導（Grief Counseling），台灣目前在醫院體系下多由社工或心理師執行，護理師角色多為初步篩選與轉介。