一位酒精成癮病人表示：「我會喝酒是因為我老闆一直盯著我。」這是哪種防衛機轉？
A client with an alcohol use disorder states, 'I only drink because my boss is constantly breathing down my neck.' Which defense mechanism is being used?
- ADisplacement位移
- BProjection投射
- CRegression退行
- DRationalization✓ 正解合理化
合理化（Rationalization）是為不被接受的行為或感受尋找貌似合理的藉口，以掩蓋真實動機。病人將喝酒行為歸咎於工作壓力（老闆），而非承認自己的成癮問題。A 是將自己感受歸給別人；C 是轉移情緒對象；D 是退縮到較幼稚的發展階段。
Rationalization is the process of providing seemingly reasonable excuses for unacceptable behavior or feelings in order to conceal the true motive. The client attributes drinking to job stress (the boss) rather than acknowledging their own addiction. Option B (projection) attributes one's own feelings to another person; Option A (displacement) redirects emotions to a different target; Option C (regression) involves reverting to an earlier developmental stage.
無。防衛機轉的定義在全球護理與心理學界皆一致。