— 降低風險 · EASY · SATA —
護理師為一位年長病人進行跌倒風險評估，哪些因素會增加跌倒風險？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is performing a fall risk assessment on an elderly client. Which of the following factors increases the client's risk for falls? (Select all that apply.)
- ARecent history of falls✓ 正解近期跌倒病史
- BTaking anti-hypertensive medications✓ 正解服用抗高血壓藥物
- CVisual impairment✓ 正解視力障礙
- DUsing a walker for support使用助行器輔助
- ELiving in a well-lit environment居住在照明良好的環境
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
跌倒風險因子包含內在因素（如病史、藥物影響、視力障礙）與外在因素。使用輔具（如助行器）雖代表行動力較弱，但通常是輔助器材而非增加風險的直接原因（若使用正確）。居住環境光線充足反而能減少跌倒風險，故不選。
A history of falls is the strongest predictor of future falls, while anti-hypertensive medications can cause orthostatic hypotension. Visual impairment also significantly increases fall risk by hindering navigation of the environment. Conversely, using a walker correctly enhances stability, and adequate lighting reduces environmental hazards.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台對於 Fall Risk Assessment（如 Morse Fall Scale）工具應用非常普及，評估標準一致。