一位經尿道前列腺切除術（TURP）後進行連續膀胱沖洗的病人，出現下列何種情況需立即處理？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) following a TURP. Which of the following findings require immediate intervention? (Select all that apply.)
- ABright red, thick, clot-filled urine in the drainage bag✓ 正解引流袋中有鮮紅色、濃稠且充滿血塊的尿液
- BReports of bladder spasms and pain主訴膀胱痙攣和疼痛
- CDrainage output is significantly less than the irrigation input✓ 正解引流輸出量顯著少於沖洗輸入量
- DThe client is confused and disoriented✓ 正解病人出現意識混亂和定向力障礙
- EClear, light pink urine flow清澈、淡粉紅色的尿液流動
TURP 後常見併發症包括出血、管路阻塞及經尿道切除症候群（TUR syndrome）。亮紅血塊表示活動性出血（A）；若沖洗液進大於出，代表管路阻塞（C）；低鈉血症引起的意識改變為 TUR 症候群的表現（D）。B 為常見術後反應，而 E 為正常理想狀態。
Immediate intervention is required for bright red, clot-filled urine indicating active arterial bleeding, significantly reduced drainage output suggesting catheter obstruction, and confusion which may signal hyponatremia from Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TUR) syndrome. Bladder spasms and clear, light pink urine are expected or desirable outcomes post-procedure and do not require urgent intervention.
台灣對 TUR 症候群監控極嚴，美台護理教育均強調沖洗液平衡計算的重要性。