— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師準備為低血鉀病人靜脈輸注氯化鉀。下列何者為最關鍵的安全措施？
A nurse is preparing to administer IV potassium chloride for a client with hypokalemia. What is the most critical safety intervention to implement?
- ADilute the medication in a minimum of 100 mL of IV fluid將藥物稀釋於至少100 mL的靜脈輸液中
- BMonitor for cardiac dysrhythmias continuously持續監測心律不整
- CVerify the presence of a patent peripheral IV site確認周邊靜脈通路暢通
- DEnsure the infusion rate does not exceed 10 mEq/hr via peripheral line✓ 正解確保周邊靜脈輸注速率不超過10 mEq/hr
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
靜脈輸注鉀離子具高度危險性，若速度過快易引發心律不整甚至心搏停止。規範要求周邊靜脈輸注速率上限為 10 mEq/hr，若需快速補充則必須建立中央靜脈導管。此項規定能確保病人安全，是藥物給予流程中最不可逾越的硬性防線。
Rapid intravenous potassium administration can cause fatal cardiac arrhythmias, making infusion rate control the highest priority. Peripheral lines must not exceed 10 mEq/hr to ensure patient safety during replacement therapy.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫院多依賴輸液幫浦設定速率以符合病安標準；台灣臨床對鉀離子濃度要求較保守，常要求嚴格濃度配比。