病人服用華法林（Warfarin）。病人說出何者表示已理解出院指導？
A client is prescribed warfarin. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of discharge teaching?
- AI will use a soft-bristled toothbrush for oral hygiene✓ 正解我會使用軟毛牙刷進行口腔衛生
- BI can stop the medication if my bruising becomes common如果我的瘀青變常見，我可以停止服藥
- CI will increase my intake of dark green leafy vegetables我會增加深色葉菜類的攝取量
- DI should take aspirin for mild headaches我應該在輕微頭痛時服用阿斯匹靈
華法林（Warfarin）是一種維生素 K 拮抗劑（VKA），主要用途是預防血栓形成，但會顯著增加出血風險。病人衛教的核心在於「出血風險管理」。病人應學會辨識出血徵兆，並採取保護措施，如使用軟毛牙刷以避免牙齦損傷。臨床思路應強調病人需具備日常自我保護能力，並理解藥物與飲食（維生素 K）及其他藥物（阿斯匹靈）的交互作用。
Warfarin is a vitamin K antagonist (VKA), used mainly to prevent thrombus formation, but it significantly increases the risk of bleeding. The core of patient education is bleeding risk management. The patient must learn to recognize signs of bleeding and to take protective measures, such as using a soft-bristled toothbrush to avoid gum injury. Clinical reasoning should emphasize that the patient must develop the ability to engage in daily self-protection and must understand drug-food (vitamin K) and drug-drug (aspirin) interactions.
美國醫護對於服用華法林的病人會非常強調定期檢測 INR 值（International Normalized Ratio），且衛教內容常包含「出血警訊（Bleeding precautions）」，如使用電動刮鬍刀等。