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安全與感染控制 · MEDIUM · MCQ

護理師準備進入一位診斷為困難梭狀芽孢桿菌(C. diff)感染的病人病房。護理師執行哪項感染管制措施最為關鍵?

A nurse is preparing to enter the room of a client diagnosed with Clostridioides difficile (C. diff). Which infection control measure is most critical for the nurse to implement?

  • APerform hand hygiene only if hands are visibly soiled
    僅在手部明顯髒污時執行手部衛生
  • BWear a N95 respirator mask while providing care
    提供照護時佩戴 N95 呼吸器口罩
  • CUse an alcohol-based hand sanitizer before exiting the room
    離開房間前使用酒精性乾洗手
  • DWash hands with soap and water after removing gloves✓ 正解
    脫下手套後以肥皂和水洗手
Explanation · 中文詳解

針對困難梭狀芽孢桿菌(C. diff)的感染控制,核心概念在於該菌能產生具有強大抵抗力的芽孢。這些芽孢對酒精類乾洗手液(Alcohol-based hand sanitizer)具有抗性,因此酒精無法有效殺滅芽孢。正確的護理程序是:在接觸病人環境後,必須使用肥皂和流動清水進行物理性的洗手(Handwashing),利用摩擦力與沖洗過程將芽孢從皮膚表面移除。這是接觸隔離(Contact Precautions)中的特殊要求。在臨床思路上,護理師應優先識別特定的病原體特性,並選擇對應的消毒方式。若僅使用酒精,會導致芽孢持續在病房環境與護理師手部殘留,增加交叉感染的風險。安全優先原則要求在移除手套後,即便手部看起來乾淨,仍必須執行肥皂洗手,這也是 NCLEX 考題中關於感染管制的經典考點。

Because Clostridioides difficile spores are resistant to alcohol-based sanitizers, the nurse must wash hands with soap and water to physically remove the spores. This is a critical component of contact precautions to prevent cross-contamination.

✦ 台美臨床差異

在美國,CDC 嚴格規定 C. diff 必須使用肥皂洗手,且醫院常設有專門的「橘色」或「棕色」標誌提醒。台灣多數醫院亦遵循此準則,但在實際執行上,部分單位可能因洗手台設置位置不便而依賴酒精,NCLEX 考試時必須堅持「肥皂洗手」為唯一正確答案。

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