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藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ

病人因深層靜脈栓塞接受靜脈肝素治療。下列哪項臨床發現最需優先處理?

A client is receiving IV heparin therapy for deep vein thrombosis. Which clinical finding should the nurse prioritize?

  • AEpistaxis
    鼻出血
  • BGum bleeding during oral hygiene
    口腔衛生期間牙齦出血
  • CHematuria✓ 正解
    血尿
  • DPuncture site bruising
    穿刺部位瘀青
Explanation · 中文詳解

肝素(Heparin)治療期間,護理師需嚴密監控抗凝血副作用。血尿(Hematuria)屬於體內深層或系統性出血的警訊,相較於表淺傷口滲血或牙齦出血,血尿更可能暗示嚴重的凝血功能失調或潛在的器官出血,屬於必須優先處理的危急徵象。臨床思路應優先評估生命徵象與出血嚴重度,並立即通知醫師進行凝血功能檢查(如 aPTT)。

Hematuria indicates internal or systemic bleeding, which is a serious adverse effect of heparin therapy requiring immediate intervention. While minor bleeding like epistaxis or gum bleeding may occur, hematuria suggests a more severe coagulation imbalance or organ involvement that takes priority over superficial signs of bleeding.

✦ 台美臨床差異

在美國臨床,護理師對於肝素治療病人需每日監測 aPTT 或 Anti-Xa,並對出血風險有極高敏感度。台灣臨床亦同,但在美國更強調護理師直接參與抗凝血劑的劑量調整(依據 Protocol)。

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