護理師照護一位有腹水的肝硬化病人。護理師應監測哪種併發症？

肝硬化合併腹水（Ascites）的病人，由於腹腔內積聚液體，會改變腹腔內的微環境，加上肝功能受損導致免疫力下降及腸道細菌易位（Bacterial translocation），極易引發自發性細菌性腹膜炎（SBP）。SBP 是肝硬化常見的致命併發症，臨床護理師必須主動監測發燒、腹痛、腹部壓痛及意識狀態改變等跡象，及早發現並介入。

Clients with liver cirrhosis and ascites are at high risk for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) due to immune compromise and bacterial translocation. Nurses should monitor for signs such as fever, abdominal pain, tenderness, and changes in mental status. While other complications exist, SBP is specifically associated with the presence of ascitic fluid.