— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師預期低血容性休克的病人會出現哪些臨床症狀？（選所有適合的）
Which clinical manifestations should the nurse expect in a client experiencing hypovolemic shock? (Select all that apply.)
- ATachycardia✓ 正解心跳過速
- BHypotension✓ 正解低血壓
- CBradycardia心搏過緩
- DOliguria✓ 正解少尿
- ECool, clammy skin✓ 正解皮膚冰冷潮濕
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血容性休克（Hypovolemic Shock）是因為體內液體流失（出血、脫水）導致循環量不足。身體為了維持重要器官灌流，會啟動代償機制：交感神經興奮導致心跳過速（Tachycardia）；隨著血容量進一步下降，血壓隨之下降（Hypotension）。腎臟灌流不足導致尿量減少（Oliguria）；末梢血管收縮使血液集中於核心，導致皮膚冰冷濕冷（Cool, clammy skin）。
Hypovolemic shock triggers sympathetic nervous system activation, resulting in tachycardia to compensate for reduced stroke volume and cool, clammy skin due to peripheral vasoconstriction. As intravascular volume decreases further, blood pressure drops and renal perfusion declines, leading to oliguria, while bradycardia is not an expected early sign.