— 照護管理 · MEDIUM · SATA —
下列哪些護理措施適合處理急性恐慌發作的病人？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions are appropriate for a client experiencing an acute panic attack? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain a calm and firm demeanor✓ 正解保持冷靜且堅定的態度
- BLeave the client alone to reduce environmental stimuli將病人單獨留置以減少環境刺激
- CUse short, simple sentences✓ 正解使用簡短、簡單的句子
- DProvide a high-stimulus environment to distract the client提供高刺激環境以分散病人注意力
- EAdminister PRN anxiolytics as ordered✓ 正解依醫囑給予備用（PRN）抗焦慮藥物
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
恐慌發作（Panic attack）時，病人的交感神經系統處於高度興奮狀態，護理重點在於提供安全、低刺激的環境，並透過非語言與語言的引導來降低其焦慮。護理師必須保持冷靜與堅定的態度，這能給病人安全感並轉移其對身體不適的過度聚焦。使用簡短指令能避免病人因認知能力下降而無法理解資訊。給予抗焦慮藥物（Anxiolytics）可直接減輕生理反應，但護理師應評估其副作用。絕不可將病人獨留，以免其因過度焦慮導致意外傷害。
During a panic attack, the nurse should maintain a calm, firm demeanor to provide security and help de-escalate anxiety. Communication should use short, simple sentences to accommodate reduced cognitive processing capabilities. Administering PRN anxiolytics as ordered is appropriate to alleviate severe physiological distress, and the client should never be left alone.