— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · EASY · SATA —
病人正透過病人自控式止痛(PCA)接受類鴉片止痛藥。護理師應監測哪些副作用?(選所有適合的)
A client is receiving an opioid analgesic via Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA). Which side effects should the nurse monitor for? (Select all that apply.)
- ARespiratory depression✓ 正解呼吸抑制
- BDiarrhea腹瀉
- CUrinary retention✓ 正解尿滯留
- DConstipation✓ 正解便秘
- EPruritus✓ 正解皮膚搔癢
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
病人自控式止痛(Patient-Controlled Analgesia, PCA)是一種透過靜脈輸液泵,讓病人能夠在安全範圍內自行控制類鴉片止痛藥(opioid analgesic)劑量的給藥方式。儘管 PCA 能有效緩解疼痛,但類鴉片藥物具有多種副作用,護理師必須密切監測這些潛在的副作用,以確保病人的安全和舒適。 最嚴重的副作用是呼吸抑制,可能危及生命。此外,類鴉片對中樞神經系統和胃腸道系統的影響,也常導致尿滯留、便秘和皮膚瘙癢等問題。全面監測這些副作用,並及時介入處理,是 PCA 治療期間護理師的重要職責。
Nurses must monitor for respiratory depression, which is the most serious adverse effect of opioids, as well as urinary retention and constipation due to slowed gastrointestinal motility. Pruritus is also a common side effect caused by histamine release, requiring vigilant assessment to ensure patient safety and comfort.