— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師指導慢性腎臟病病人進行自我照護。病人應立即回報哪些症狀？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about managing chronic kidney disease. Which symptoms should the client report immediately? (Select all that apply.)
- AWeight gain of 3 lbs in 2 days✓ 正解2天內體重增加3磅
- BIncreased urine output尿量增加
- CShortness of breath✓ 正解呼吸困難
- DSevere itching of the skin皮膚嚴重搔癢
- EConfusion or lethargy✓ 正解意識混亂或嗜睡
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
慢性腎臟病病人需密切監控液體平衡與尿毒徵象。A（體重增加）代表水分堆積；C（呼吸困難）暗示肺水腫；E（意識改變）暗示尿毒性腦病變，均為緊急紅旗。B（尿量增加）在腎功能惡化時較少見；D（搔癢）為長期問題，通常不需「立即」急診回報，除非影響生活品質。
Clients with chronic kidney disease must immediately report weight gain, shortness of breath, and confusion, as these signal fluid overload, pulmonary edema, or uremic encephalopathy. While itching is common, it is not typically an acute emergency, and increased urine output is less likely in worsening renal failure compared to oliguria.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國有較完善的居家透析衛教支持系統，台灣護理師常需透過電話衛教提醒病人注意水分攝取。