護理師正為癲癇發作病人靜脈注射 phenytoin(苯妥英)。護理師應採取哪項行動以確保給藥安全?
A nurse is administering a dose of phenytoin intravenously to a client with a seizure disorder. Which action should the nurse take to ensure safe administration?
- AInfuse the medication at a rate of 100 mg/minute以每分鐘 100 mg 的速度輸注藥物
- BAdminister the dose as a rapid bolus to stop seizure activity快速推注劑量以停止癲癇發作
- CFlush the IV line with 0.9% Normal Saline before and after administration✓ 正解在給藥前後以 0.9% 生理食鹽水沖洗靜脈管路
- DMix the medication with 5% Dextrose in Water (D5W)將藥物混合於 5% 葡萄糖注射液 (D5W)
Phenytoin 靜脈給藥具有極高的物理性不相容風險。它只能與 0.9% 生理食鹽水(Normal Saline)相容;若與含糖溶液(如 D5W,選項 D)接觸,會立即產生結晶沉澱,可能引發栓塞或血管損傷。因此,在給藥前後必須使用生理食鹽水沖管(Flush)。此外,靜脈注射速度不可超過 50 mg/min(選項 A 錯誤,100 mg/min 太快),因為過快給藥會導致嚴重的低血壓和心律不整。這題考驗護理師對高警訊藥物配伍禁忌及給藥流速的細節掌握。快速推注(B)在 phenytoin 是絕對禁忌,這與 diazepam 等其他抗癲癇藥物的用法不同。
Phenytoin is incompatible with dextrose solutions and must be flushed with 0.9% sodium chloride before and after administration to prevent precipitation. Additionally, the infusion rate should not exceed 50 mg/min to avoid cardiovascular toxicity such as hypotension and arrhythmias.
美國 NCLEX 考題常將 Phenytoin 與 NS 的相容性作為必考點。台灣臨床上常用 Fosphenytoin(一種較安全的先驅藥物),但 Phenytoin 仍是基礎教育與國家考試的重點藥物。