— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師準備對一位低血鉀病人進行靜脈注射氯化鉀。下列何者是最重要的安全防護措施？
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride intravenously to a client with hypokalemia. Which of the following is the most important safety precaution?
- AEnsure the medication is diluted before administration✓ 正解確保藥物在給藥前已稀釋
- BObtain an informed consent from the client取得病人的知情同意
- CAdminister the medication via IV bolus以靜脈推注方式給予藥物
- DAdminister the medication at a rate of 10 mEq per minute以每分鐘 10 mEq 的速率給予藥物
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
氯化鉀具有極強的組織刺激性與心臟毒性。絕對不可直接靜脈推注（IV push/bolus），否則會導致心跳停止。給藥前必須確保充分稀釋，並且給藥速度通常不得超過 10-20 mEq/小時，且必須使用幫浦監控滴速。
The most important safety precaution when administering intravenous potassium chloride is ensuring the medication is properly diluted to prevent severe phlebitis and tissue necrosis. Potassium must never be given as an IV bolus or push, as this can lead to fatal cardiac arrest, and infusion rates must be strictly controlled.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫院通常嚴格執行 KCl 藥液稀釋與幫浦給藥；台灣部分醫院有預混裝藥液，減少護理師調配風險。