為了預防術後病人發生靜脈血栓栓塞（VTE），下列哪些介入措施是適當的？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions are appropriate to prevent a venous thromboembolism (VTE) in a postoperative client? (Select all that apply.)
- AEncourage early and frequent ambulation✓ 正解鼓勵早期且頻繁下床活動
- BApply sequential compression devices (SCDs)✓ 正解使用間歇性加壓裝置（SCDs）
- CPlace a pillow under the knees for comfort在膝蓋下方墊枕頭以增加舒適度
- DAdminister prescribed prophylactic anticoagulants✓ 正解給予處方預防性抗凝血劑
- EInstruct the client to cross their legs while sitting指導病人坐著時交叉雙腿
預防術後靜脈血栓栓塞（VTE）的核心原則是「促進血液循環」與「預防血液鬱積」。早期活動（Early ambulation）能有效利用肌肉收縮促進靜脈回流；氣壓式循環輔助器（SCDs）則透過機械壓力防止血液停滯；預防性抗凝血劑（如 Heparin 或 Enoxaparin）則降低血液凝固力。此外，應教導病人避免會阻礙下肢循環的行為，如在膝下放置枕頭或翹二郎腿，這些都會壓迫膕窩血管，阻礙靜脈回流。
Preventing venous thromboembolism involves promoting venous return through early ambulation, which utilizes the skeletal muscle pump, and applying sequential compression devices to mechanically assist blood flow. Prophylactic anticoagulants are also administered to reduce clotting risk. Nurses should instruct clients to avoid positions that compress popliteal veins, such as placing pillows under the knees or crossing legs, as these hinder venous return.