護理師照護一位有家庭暴力史的病人，哪些跡象顯示該病人目前可能正經歷親密伴侶暴力？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a history of domestic abuse. Which signs indicate the client might be currently experiencing intimate partner violence? (Select all that apply.)
- AThe partner insists on staying in the room during the physical exam✓ 正解伴侶堅持在身體檢查期間留在房間內
- BThe client has unexplained bruises on multiple stages of healing✓ 正解個案身上有多處不同癒合階段的瘀傷
- CThe client appears overly compliant and watches the partner closely✓ 正解個案顯得過度順從並密切觀察伴侶
- DThe client reports a history of frequent 'accidental' falls✓ 正解個案報告有頻繁的『意外』跌倒歷史
- EThe client exhibits signs of depression and low self-esteem✓ 正解個案表現出憂鬱和低自尊的跡象
親密伴侶暴力（Intimate Partner Violence, IPV）的識別是護理師照護的關鍵。受暴者常因恐懼、羞恥或受控制而隱匿傷情，護理師需透過觀察行為線索（Behavioral cues）與身體跡象進行綜合評估。所有選項皆為臨床常見的警訊，顯示病人可能處於控制或受虐環境中。護理師應提供私密環境，鼓勵病人表達，並遵守強制通報義務（Mandatory reporting）。
Signs of intimate partner violence include unexplained bruises in various stages of healing, frequent 'accidental' falls, and behavioral cues such as the partner controlling the examination or the client displaying hypervigilance and depression. These indicators suggest a pattern of abuse and control, requiring the nurse to provide a safe, private environment for disclosure and follow mandatory reporting protocols.
美國法律對 IPV 有嚴格的強制通報義務，護理師必須熟悉州法律（State-specific laws）。台灣則依據《家庭暴力防治法》，護理師發現疑似個案應依法通報，兩者在落實「主動篩檢」與「保護病人隱私」的專業責任上趨於一致。