— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
病人正接受靜脈注射肝素（Heparin）。下列哪些護理措施是適當的？（選所有適合的）
A client is prescribed intravenous heparin. Which nursing interventions are appropriate for this client? (Select all that apply.)
- AUse an electric razor for shaving✓ 正解使用電動刮鬍刀刮鬍
- BMonitor for occult blood in stools✓ 正解監測糞便中是否有潛血
- CUse a soft-bristled toothbrush✓ 正解使用軟毛牙刷
- DAdminister intramuscular injections for pain給予肌肉注射以緩解疼痛
- EAvoid activities that may cause physical trauma✓ 正解避免可能導致身體創傷的活動
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
肝素（Heparin）屬於抗凝血劑，會延長凝血時間，顯著增加出血風險。護理照護重點在於「預防出血」。護理措施包括：避免可能造成黏膜損傷的行為（如使用硬毛牙刷）、避免造成皮膚受傷（如使用電動刮鬍刀）、禁止肌肉注射（易造成大血腫）、密切觀察有無潛血（如糞便、尿液）以及避免劇烈碰撞。護理師應教導病人辨識出血徵兆，如瘀青、牙齦出血或血尿。
Clients on intravenous heparin require interventions to prevent bleeding, such as using an electric razor and a soft-bristled toothbrush to avoid mucosal and skin trauma. Nurses should also monitor for occult blood in stools and advise clients to avoid activities that could cause physical injury, while strictly avoiding intramuscular injections due to hematoma risk.