護理師準備為病人給予靜脈注射藥物。下列哪項護理行為最能預防血流感染?
A nurse is preparing to administer an IV medication to a client. Which nursing action best prevents bloodstream infection?
- AWearing double gloves when accessing the line接觸管路時戴雙層手套
- BFlushing the line with heparin after administration給藥後以肝素沖洗管路
- CCleaning the injection port with alcohol for 15 seconds✓ 正解以酒精清潔注射端口15秒
- DUsing a sterile needle for every injection每次注射使用無菌針頭
本題的核心在於「導管相關血流感染(CRBSI)」的預防。根據 CDC 指引,導管接口(Hub)是細菌進入血流的主要路徑。正確的「擦拭接口(Scrub the hub)」技術必須包含摩擦力(Friction)與時間(至少15秒),以機械性去除生物膜及殺滅微生物。這是護理師在給藥過程中預防醫源性感染最關鍵的步驟。
The core of this question is the prevention of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI). According to CDC guidelines, the catheter hub is the primary route for bacteria to enter the bloodstream. The proper 'scrub the hub' technique must include both friction and time (at least 15 seconds) to mechanically remove the biofilm and kill microorganisms. This is the most critical step for preventing iatrogenic infection during medication administration.
在美國臨床,對於「Scrub the hub」的時間與方式有嚴格的稽核標準,通常要求使用含酒精的消毒棉片擦拭並確保自然乾燥。在台灣部分單位可能因人力繁忙而忽略15秒的擦拭時間,但在 NCLEX 考試中,必須嚴格遵守 CDC 建議的 15 秒原則。