— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師給予心絞痛病人舌下含服硝化甘油。應如何指導病人?
A nurse is administering sublingual nitroglycerin to a client with angina. How should the nurse instruct the client?
- AApply the tablet to the gum line將藥片塗抹於牙齦線
- BChew the tablet for faster absorption嚼碎藥片以加快吸收
- CPlace the tablet under the tongue and let it dissolve✓ 正解將藥片置於舌下並讓其溶解
- DSwallow the pill with a sip of water喝水吞服藥丸
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
舌下含服硝化甘油(Nitroglycerin)的主要目的是繞過肝臟首過效應(First-pass effect),直接透過舌下黏膜豐富的微血管網進入全身循環,以達到迅速緩解心絞痛的效果。正確的操作是將藥片置於舌下,等待其自然崩解吸收。若吞服,藥物會進入胃腸道,經由門靜脈循環至肝臟被大量代謝,藥效將大幅降低;若咀嚼則會改變藥物的釋放動力學,導致藥物過快釋放或被吞嚥,無法達到預期的治療濃度。臨床上,護理師應確保病人了解該藥為「急救用藥」,若含服後疼痛未緩解,需遵照醫囑重複給藥並密切監測血壓,因其常見副作用為低血壓與頭痛。
Sublingual nitroglycerin should be placed under the tongue to allow direct absorption into the systemic circulation, bypassing hepatic first-pass metabolism for rapid onset. Swallowing the tablet reduces efficacy due to gastrointestinal degradation, while chewing alters the release kinetics. Proper administration ensures quick relief of angina symptoms.