— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
一位病人正處方靜脈輸注萬古黴素（vancomycin）。護理師應監測哪些症狀以辨識「紅人症候群」？（選所有適合的）
A client is prescribed intravenous vancomycin. Which symptoms should the nurse monitor to identify 'Red Man Syndrome'? (Select all that apply.)
- AHypotension✓ 正解低血壓
- BFlushing of the face and neck✓ 正解面部和頸部潮紅
- CPruritus✓ 正解搔癢
- DWheezing喘鳴
- EErythematous rash on the upper torso✓ 正解上半身出現紅斑皮疹
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
紅人症候群是因萬古黴素輸注過快導致組胺大量釋放的類過敏反應。典型表現為顏面、頸部與上半身出現潮紅、瘙癢與皮疹，嚴重者會導致低血壓。喘鳴（Wheezing）屬於真正的過敏性休克（Anaphylaxis），非紅人症候群的特徵，故不選。
Red man syndrome is an anaphylactoid reaction caused by excessive histamine release from infusing vancomycin too rapidly. Typical manifestations include flushing, pruritus, and rash on the face, neck, and upper body, and in severe cases hypotension. Wheezing is a feature of true anaphylaxis rather than red man syndrome and is therefore not selected.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師常依據給藥指引自動調降滴速並通知藥師，台灣則多需由醫師評估後調整給藥頻率。