— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
一位病人診斷為急性腎損傷，護理師應預期看到哪項實驗室數據？
A client is diagnosed with acute kidney injury. Which laboratory result should the nurse anticipate?
- AElevated blood urea nitrogen✓ 正解血液尿素氮升高
- BDecreased serum creatinine血清肌酸酐降低
- CElevated hemoglobin血紅素升高
- DDecreased serum potassium血清鉀離子降低
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
急性腎損傷（AKI）時，腎絲球過濾率下降，導致氮質廢物堆積。BUN（血中尿素氮）和肌酸酐（Creatinine）會隨之升高。鉀離子通常隨腎功能下降而上升（高血鉀），紅血球生成素減少常導致貧血（血紅素下降）。
Acute kidney injury reduces the glomerular filtration rate, leading to the accumulation of nitrogenous wastes such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Consequently, BUN and serum creatinine levels rise, while potassium levels typically increase due to reduced excretion. Hemoglobin usually decreases rather than increases because of reduced erythropoietin production.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美對急性腎損傷定義均依 KDIGO 標準，但在台灣臨床常優先考慮透析時機，美國則更強調早期補液與藥物監控。