— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
肝硬化病患出現哪些症狀應立即回報？（選所有適合的）
Which findings in a client with cirrhosis should be reported immediately? (Select all that apply.)
- ABlack, tarry stools✓ 正解黑色、柏油樣糞便
- BConfusion and agitation✓ 正解意識混亂與躁動
- CMild ascites輕微腹水
- DHematemesis✓ 正解嘔血
- EYellowish skin tone皮膚呈黃疸色
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
肝硬化併發症：A 與 D 代表食道靜脈曲張出血，極易致命；B 代表肝腦病變 (Hepatic encephalopathy)，顯示腦部代謝毒素累積，需立即介入。C 的輕微腹水為慢性過程，E 的黃疸也是慢性表徵，通常不需要「立即」處理，但需監測。
Complications of cirrhosis: A and D represent bleeding esophageal varices, which are highly life-threatening; B represents hepatic encephalopathy, indicating accumulation of metabolic toxins in the brain and requiring immediate intervention. Mild ascites in C is a chronic process, and jaundice in E is also a chronic finding; these typically do not require "immediate" intervention but should be monitored.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台對肝硬化病患出血與肝性腦病變的辨識訓練一致。