護理師正為一位預定進行膽囊切除術的病人做準備。病人表示:「我不太確定為什麼要切除膽囊,我只知道它好痛。」護理師的首要行動為何?
The nurse is preparing a client for an elective cholecystectomy. The client states, 'I'm not really sure why they are taking my gallbladder out. I just know it hurts.' What is the priority action for the nurse?
- AReassure the client that the surgeon is highly skilled and the pain will be gone.安慰患者,表示外科醫師技術精湛且疼痛將會消失
- BExplain the risks and benefits of the cholecystectomy to the client.向患者解釋膽囊切除術的風險與益處
- CContact the surgeon to come and re-explain the procedure to the client.✓ 正解聯絡外科醫師回來向患者重新說明手術程序
- DDocument that the client does not understand the procedure and proceed with the checklist.記錄患者不了解手術程序,並繼續執行檢核表
知情同意(Informed Consent)法律與倫理的核心在於,醫師必須負責解釋手術的目的、風險、利益與替代方案,而護理師的角色是作為「見證者(Witness)」與「病人倡導者(Patient Advocate)」。當病人明確表達不理解手術原因時,這表示知情同意程序尚未真正完成。護理師絕對不能代為執行「初步解釋」(B),因為這超出了護理職權範圍,且可能涉及法律責任。首要行動是通報手術醫師,要求其重新對病人進行說明,以確保病人的自主權得到尊重。在病人未充分理解前,簽署的手術同意書在法律上是無效的,護理師有責任在手術前攔截此類安全風險。
The nurse must ensure the client fully understands the procedure before consent is valid, as the surgeon is responsible for explaining risks and benefits. The priority action is to contact the surgeon to re-explain the procedure, rather than providing the explanation or proceeding with documentation.
美國 NCLEX 強調護理師是知情同意的「見證者」,需確保病人「神智清醒、自願且獲知資訊」。若病人有疑慮,美國護理師會直接暫停程序並通知醫師。在台灣,雖然法律架構相似,但在醫院實務中,護理師往往會試圖先用簡單的語言向病人解釋,若病人仍不解才聯繫醫師,且醫師與病人的權力不對稱性較強,護理師在推動醫師重新說明的立場有時較具挑戰性。