下列哪些護理措施能降低留置導尿管病人的感染風險？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following nursing interventions help reduce the risk of infection in a client with an indwelling urinary catheter? (Select all that apply.)
- AKeep the drainage bag below the level of the bladder✓ 正解保持引流袋低於膀胱水平
- BClean the perineal area with soap and water daily✓ 正解每日以肥皂和水清潔會陰區域
- CFlush the catheter with sterile saline every 4 hours每4小時以無菌生理食鹽水沖洗導尿管
- DSecure the catheter to the client's thigh with a stabilizing device✓ 正解使用固定裝置將導尿管固定在病人大腿上
- EIrrigate the bladder with antibiotics if urine appears cloudy若尿液渾濁，以抗生素沖洗膀胱
預防導尿管相關泌尿道感染（CAUTI）的核心在於維持封閉式系統、防止逆流及保持清潔。保持集尿袋低於膀胱水平可防止尿液逆流；每日清潔會陰部可減少細菌源；固定導尿管可避免尿道拉扯導致損傷及細菌入侵。沖洗管路或添加抗生素會增加細菌污染風險。
Preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) involves maintaining a closed drainage system and minimizing bacterial introduction. Key interventions include keeping the drainage bag below the bladder to prevent reflux, securing the catheter to reduce urethral trauma, and performing daily hygiene of the perineal area. Routine flushing or antibiotic irrigation is not recommended as it increases infection risk.
美國醫院有嚴格的 CAUTI 監測計劃（Bundle care）；台灣亦推行 bundle，但在落實度上因人力比不同而有差異。