護理師準備經由中心靜脈導管(CVC)為病人執行靜脈輸注。下列哪項措施對於預防中心導管相關血流感染(CLABSI)最為關鍵?
A nurse is preparing to administer intravenous medication to a client via a central venous catheter. Which action is most critical to prevent a central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI)?
- AUsing sterile gloves for every routine medication administration每次常規給藥時使用無菌手套
- BChanging the dressing only when it becomes visibly soiled or loose僅在敷料明顯髒污或鬆動時更換
- CScrubbing the hub of the injection port with alcohol or chlorhexidine for 15 seconds✓ 正解用酒精或氯己定擦拭注射端口接頭 15 秒
- DFlushing the line with 20 mL of sterile saline before and after each dose每次給藥前後用 20 mL 無菌食鹽水沖洗管路
預防中心導管感染(CLABSI)的核心在於維持無菌連結的完整性。針對注射口(hub)進行『摩擦消毒(scrub the hub)』是目前實證醫學最有效的預防策略,因為 injection port 是細菌進入血液循環最常見的路徑。根據 CDC 指引,應使用機械摩擦力配合消毒劑(酒精或氯己定)至少持續 15 秒,以物理方式移除生物膜。選擇 A 的核心在於阻斷病原體轉移;反之,B 選項是錯誤的,敷料更換需依據機構指引(通常每 7 天或有污染時),不能等髒了才換;A 選項雖無菌但過度防護,非實證建議;D 選項雖為導管維護流程,但其重點是管腔通暢度,非 CLABSI 預防核心。護理師應時刻謹記『連結處即感染源』的原則。
Maintaining the integrity of the sterile connection is paramount in preventing CLABSI. Scrubbing the injection port hub with an antiseptic such as alcohol or chlorhexidine for 15 seconds is the most effective evidence-based strategy to remove biofilm and prevent bacterial entry. While dressing changes and line flushing are part of maintenance, they do not directly disinfect the access point where pathogens most commonly enter.
美國醫院廣泛採用封閉式給藥系統(Closed system connectors)並嚴格遵循 bundle care 規範,護理師需在接頭上標記最後消毒時間;台灣臨床較多使用傳統接頭,雖然近年也推廣『scrub the hub』,但在分秒必爭的病房環境下,落實度常受忙碌影響,且各醫院對導管敷料更換週期(透明敷料 vs. 紗布)的規定差異極大。