— 心理社會完整性 · HARD · MCQ —
急診病人出現酒精戒斷症狀。護理師預期醫師會開立何種藥物？
A client in the emergency department is exhibiting signs of alcohol withdrawal. Which medication does the nurse anticipate the physician will prescribe?
- ABupropion安非他酮
- BHaloperidol氟哌啶醇
- CChlordiazepoxide✓ 正解氯氮䓬
- DDisulfiram雙硫侖
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
酒精戒斷首選藥物為苯二氮平類（Benzodiazepines），如 Chlordiazepoxide（Librium）或 Diazepam，用於控制戒斷症狀並預防癲癇發作。Disulfiram 用於維持戒酒而非戒斷；Haloperidol 用於嚴重的幻覺，但會降低癲癇閾值；Bupropion 用於抗憂鬱。
Benzodiazepines, such as chlordiazepoxide, are the first-line treatment for alcohol withdrawal because they effectively control symptoms and prevent complications like seizures. Other options are inappropriate: bupropion is an antidepressant, haloperidol lowers the seizure threshold, and disulfiram is used for long-term sobriety maintenance rather than acute withdrawal management.
✦ 台美臨床差異
無顯著差異，臨床皆依賴 protocol（如 CIWA-Ar）給予 Benzodiazepines。