— 心理社會完整性 · HARD · SATA —
對於表現出躁狂症狀的個案，下列哪些介入是適當的？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions are appropriate for a client exhibiting symptoms of mania? (Select all that apply.)
- AProvide high-calorie, finger foods✓ 正解提供高熱量、手指食物
- BSet firm, clear limits on behavior✓ 正解對行為設定堅定且明確的限制
- CEncourage the client to participate in competitive sports鼓勵病人參與競爭性運動
- DReduce environmental stimuli✓ 正解減少環境刺激
- EMinimize the frequency of nursing observations減少護理觀察的頻率
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
躁狂病人能量極高且注意力短暫，容易導致脫水與營養不良。指狀食物（finger food）方便進食；設定界限維持秩序；降低環境刺激能減少激動。競爭運動（C）易引發過度亢奮，應避免；觀察（E）必須加強，因病人有潛在衝動與安全風險。
Clients with mania have high energy levels and short attention spans, increasing the risk of dehydration and malnutrition. Providing high-calorie finger foods ensures adequate nutrition, while setting firm limits helps maintain order and safety. Reducing environmental stimuli minimizes agitation, whereas competitive sports should be avoided to prevent over-stimulation.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國急性病房結構化程度高，台灣亦同，但台灣病房因人手限制，有時較依賴家屬共同陪伴照顧。