— 心理社會完整性 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師照護一位正處於恐慌發作的病人。護理師應首先採取哪項措施？
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing a panic attack. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?
- ATeach the client new relaxation techniques教導病人新的放鬆技巧
- BAdminister an as-needed (PRN) antidepressant給予按需（PRN）抗憂鬱劑
- CEncourage the client to discuss the cause of the panic鼓勵病人討論恐慌的原因
- DStay with the client and maintain a calm demeanor✓ 正解陪伴病人並保持鎮定的態度
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
恐慌發作時，病人的首要需求是安全感與情緒穩定。護理師留在病人身邊並保持冷靜，能提供非口語的安全支持，防止病人受傷。在恐慌發作的當下，病人無法學習新技巧（如 A）或進行深度分析（如 C）。藥物（如 B）通常使用苯二氮平類（Benzodiazepines）而非抗憂鬱劑來處理急性發作，且非首選的立即介入措施。
During a panic attack, the priority is to provide immediate safety and emotional support by staying with the client and maintaining a calm demeanor. Teaching or exploring underlying causes is ineffective while the client is in acute distress, and antidepressants do not treat acute episodes.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國 NCLEX 非常強調「Stay with the client」的安全性原則；台灣臨床護理師有時因人力吃緊，會較依賴 PRN 藥物控制症狀。