— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
病人正接受氯化鉀 20 mEq 溶於 100 mL 生理食鹽水靜脈點滴,護理師發現注射部位紅腫發熱。優先處理措施為何?
A client is receiving an IV infusion of Potassium Chloride 20 mEq in 100 mL of 0.9% Normal Saline. The nurse notes the site is red, warm, and swollen. What is the priority nursing action?
- AStop the infusion and remove the IV catheter✓ 正解停止點滴並移除靜脈留置針。
- BApply a cold compress to the site在注射部位應用冷敷。
- CAspirate the IV line to check for blood return抽吸靜脈線以檢查是否有血液回流。
- DSlow the infusion rate to decrease irritation減慢點滴速率以減少刺激。
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
此徵象顯示氯化鉀導致滲漏性損傷(Extravasation)。鉀離子具強烈刺激性,一旦外滲可能造成嚴重組織壞死。護理師應立即停止給藥並移除導管,以免更多藥物進入皮下組織,隨後再評估是否需要採取進一步的中和處置。
The priority action is to stop the infusion and remove the IV catheter immediately to prevent further tissue damage, as potassium chloride is a vesicant that can cause severe necrosis upon extravasation.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師對滲漏處置有明確 protocol 執行權;台灣護理師通常移除後會通知醫師確認是否需特殊處置。