— 心理社會完整性 · HARD · SATA —
護理師對一位剛診斷為第一型雙極性疾患且正處於躁症發作期的個案，應採取哪些護理措施？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following nursing interventions are appropriate for a client with a new diagnosis of Bipolar I Disorder who is experiencing a manic episode? (Select all that apply.)
- AProvide high-protein, finger foods✓ 正解提供高蛋白的手指食物
- BEncourage the client to join group therapy sessions鼓勵個案參加團體治療課程
- CEstablish firm limits on disruptive behavior✓ 正解對破壞性行為設立明確界限
- DReduce environmental stimuli in the client's room✓ 正解降低個案房間的環境刺激
- EProvide structured physical activities✓ 正解提供結構化的體育活動
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
躁症發作期個案專注力渙散且活動量大，護理重點在於滿足生理需求（營養、水分）、降低感官刺激以平復情緒，並透過明確規範控管干擾性行為。團體活動因過度刺激與干擾他人，不適合急性躁症期參加。結構化的運動有助於釋放過剩精力。
Nursing care for a client in a manic episode focuses on meeting physiological needs through high-calorie finger foods and reducing environmental stimuli to prevent overstimulation. It is essential to establish firm limits on disruptive behavior to maintain safety and provide structured physical activities to help expend excess energy safely.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台精神科病房對於躁症的約束與隔離（Seclusion and Restraint）指引皆嚴格，但在病房環境規劃上，美國更傾向營造低刺激環境。