— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · SATA —
當病人的血鈉檢驗結果為 120 mEq/L 時，護理師應預期出現哪些發現？（選所有適合的）
Which findings should the nurse expect in a client with a laboratory result of Sodium 120 mEq/L? (Select all that apply.)
- AConfusion and lethargy✓ 正解意識混亂和嗜睡
- BSeizures✓ 正解抽搐
- CIncreased thirst and dry mucous membranes口渴增加和黏膜乾燥
- DNausea and vomiting✓ 正解噁心和嘔吐
- EMuscle weakness✓ 正解肌肉無力
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
血鈉 120 屬於嚴重低鈉血症（Hyponatremia）。其症狀多與腦水腫有關：意識混亂、嗜睡（A）、癲癇（B）、噁心嘔吐（D）及肌肉無力（E）。口渴與黏膜乾燥（C）通常是高鈉血症（Hypernatremia）或脫水的特徵。
Severe hyponatremia (sodium 120 mEq/L) causes water to shift into cells, leading to cerebral edema and neurological symptoms such as confusion, lethargy, seizures, and nausea. Muscle weakness also occurs due to impaired cellular depolarization. Increased thirst and dry mucous membranes are signs of hypernatremia or dehydration, not hyponatremia.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台對低鈉血症的嚴重度界定一致，護理重點均包含預防癲癇（Seizure precautions）與限制水分。