— 降低風險 · EASY · SATA —
護理師正在照顧一位有深層靜脈血栓（DVT）風險的術後病人。護理師應實施哪些措施來降低此風險？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client recovering from surgery who is at risk for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which interventions should the nurse implement to reduce this risk? (Select all that apply.)
- AMassage the client's calves every 4 hours每 4 小時按摩病人的小腿
- BEncourage ambulation as tolerated✓ 正解鼓勵在耐受範圍內下床活動
- CAdminister a low-dose anticoagulant✓ 正解給予低劑量抗凝血劑
- DMaintain the knees in a flexed position while the client is in bed病人臥床時持續維持膝部屈曲
- EApply sequential compression devices (SCDs)✓ 正解應用順序性加壓裝置（SCDs）
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
術後 DVT 預防通常採多模式策略：及早在耐受範圍內活動、對適合的病人依處方給予預防性抗凝血劑，以及正確使用順序性加壓裝置。按摩小腿可能使既有血栓脫落，持續屈膝則可能妨礙靜脈回流，因此不應作為預防措施。
Preventing deep vein thrombosis requires a multimodal approach to address venous stasis and hypercoagulability. Effective interventions include encouraging early ambulation to promote circulation, applying sequential compression devices to mimic muscle pumping, and administering low-dose anticoagulants to inhibit clot formation.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫院非常強調「核心指標」（Core Measures），術後預防 DVT 的各項措施（包括藥物與物理設備）都會被嚴格記錄在電子病歷中，作為醫院品質評核的指標。