— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
慢性腎臟病病人應預防哪些電解質不平衡？（選所有適合的）
A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) should avoid which of the following electrolyte imbalances? (Select all that apply.)
- AHyperkalemia✓ 正解高血鉀症
- BHyperphosphatemia✓ 正解高血磷症
- CHypocalcemia✓ 正解低血鈣症
- DHypernatremia高血鈉症
- EHypomagnesemia低血鎂症
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
慢性腎臟病（CKD）導致腎絲球過濾率（GFR）嚴重下降，腎臟無法有效調節電解質平衡。高血鉀（Hyperkalemia）是由於腎臟排鉀功能受損所致，嚴重時可致致命性心律不整；高血磷（Hyperphosphatemia）則是因磷離子排泄障礙，導致磷在血液中堆積，進而與鈣結合形成磷酸鈣沉積，導致血鈣降低（Hypocalcemia）。這三者是CKD病人最需監控的電解質異常。
Chronic kidney disease impairs the kidneys' ability to regulate electrolytes, leading to hyperkalemia due to reduced potassium excretion. Additionally, impaired phosphorus excretion causes hyperphosphatemia, which binds with calcium and results in hypocalcemia.