內外科病房的一位病人因宗教信仰拒絕接受預定的輸血。護理師的首要行動應為何?
A client on the medical-surgical unit is refusing a scheduled blood transfusion due to religious beliefs. What should be the nurse's first action?
- AInform the client about the risks associated with refusing the transfusion告知病人拒絕輸血相關的風險
- BDocument the refusal and the client's reasons in the medical record在病歷中記錄拒絕行為及病人的理由
- CNotify the healthcare provider about the client's refusal immediately立即通知醫療提供者關於病人拒絕治療的事宜
- DExplore the client's specific beliefs and reasons for refusing the treatment✓ 正解探索病人拒絕治療的具體信念與理由
在處理病人拒絕治療時,護理師應優先採用治療性溝通(Therapeutic Communication)來評估病人的動機。選項 D 的「探索(Explore)」是護理程序中的評估步驟,能幫助護理師了解病人是否真的基於宗教,還是因為恐懼或對替代方案(如代用血漿、合成紅血球生成素)不了解。在告知風險(A)之前,必須先建立信任並了解病人的立場。通知醫師(C)與記錄(B)都是在溝通後的後續動作。尊重自主權(Autonomy)是核心,但在尊重之前,完整的評估是確保護理品質的前提。
The nurse's first action should be to explore the client's specific beliefs and reasons for refusing treatment to ensure informed decision-making. Understanding the client's perspective allows for therapeutic communication and addresses potential misconceptions or fears before involving the provider or documenting the refusal.
美國護理極為強調文化適任性(Cultural Competence),對耶和華見證人等宗教的輸血禁忌有標準處理流程;台灣則較常由家屬與醫師共同勸導,護理師在文化價值探索上的角色相對較弱。