觀察實習護理師執行無菌換藥，哪項行為需要護理師介入？
A nurse is observing a nursing student perform sterile dressing changes. Which action by the student requires intervention?
- AKeeping the sterile field at waist level將無菌區域保持在腰部水平
- BReaching over the sterile field to pick up a gauze pad✓ 正解跨越無菌區域上方撿取紗布墊
- CPlacing the sterile drape with the moisture-proof side down將無菌鋪單的防潮面朝下放置
- DOpening the outermost flap of the sterile kit away from the body將無菌包最外層摺片朝遠離身體的方向打開
無菌技術（Sterile technique）的重點在於維持無菌區域不受任何污染。根據無菌原則，任何越過無菌區域上方的動作，都可能因為衣服上的微粒或落塵導致污染。正確做法應從無菌區側面拿取物品，確保視線始終在無菌範圍內。其他選項皆為維持無菌狀態的正確規範，例如防潮面必須朝下，以防止細菌透過毛細現象滲透至無菌區。
Sterile technique requires keeping the sterile field free of contamination. Reaching over the sterile field is unsafe because particles or droplets from clothing or skin can fall onto the field. The nurse should access supplies from the side of the sterile field while keeping it in view. Placing the moisture-proof side of the drape downward prevents strike-through; keeping the field at waist level and within sight, and opening packages away from the body, all preserve sterility.