病人疑似感染百日咳。護理師應採取哪種防護措施?
A client is admitted with suspected Pertussis (whooping cough). Which precaution should the nurse initiate?
- AContact precautions接觸隔離
- BProtective isolation保護性隔離
- CDroplet precautions✓ 正解飛沫隔離
- DAirborne precautions空氣隔離
百日咳(Pertussis),俗稱「whooping cough」,是由百日咳桿菌(Bordetella pertussis)引起的高度傳染性呼吸道疾病。它主要透過感染者咳嗽或打噴嚏時產生的飛沫(droplets)傳播。飛沫顆粒較大,通常在空氣中傳播距離有限(約一公尺內),不會長時間懸浮在空氣中。因此,對於疑似或確診百日咳的病人,醫療機構必須實施飛沫隔離(Droplet Precautions)以防止病原體傳播。 正確答案「B」是應對百日咳的正確防護措施。飛沫隔離要求醫療人員在進入病人房間時佩戴外科口罩(surgical mask),並確保病人被安置在單人房或與其他相同病原體的病人同房。病人離開房間時也應佩戴口罩。這些措施旨在阻斷百日咳桿菌經由飛沫傳播的途徑,保護其他病人、醫護人員和訪客免受感染。通常,飛沫隔離會持續到病人接受有效抗生素治療至少五天後,或直到臨床症狀改善且不再具傳染性。
Pertussis is transmitted via large respiratory droplets produced during coughing or sneezing, necessitating droplet precautions. Healthcare workers must wear surgical masks when entering the client's room, and the client should wear a mask if transported. These measures help prevent the spread of Bordetella pertussis to others until the client is no longer contagious.
美國對百日咳疫情監測嚴格;台灣將其列為第二類法定傳染病,隔離要求一致。