— 生理適應 · EASY · SATA —
護理師指導第一型糖尿病病人「生病日」注意事項，下列哪些是正確的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client with Type 1 Diabetes about sick day rules. Which instructions are appropriate? (Select all that apply.)
- AContinue taking insulin as prescribed✓ 正解繼續按處方服用胰島素
- BTest blood glucose every 3-4 hours✓ 正解每 3-4 小時測試血糖
- CStop taking insulin if unable to eat若無法進食則停止服用胰島素
- DTest urine for ketones if glucose is >240 mg/dL✓ 正解若血糖 >240 mg/dL，則檢測尿液中的酮體
- EIncrease fluid intake to prevent dehydration✓ 正解增加液體攝取量以防止脫水
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
第一型糖尿病病人在生病時，因身體處於代謝壓力（physiological stress），肝醣分解增加，即便攝取減少，胰島素需求量反而增加。若錯誤停藥，極易導致酮酸中毒（DKA）。生病日的護理重點在於：維持胰島素給予（依醫囑調整）、頻繁監測血糖以利及時校正、檢查尿酮（作為代謝失控的警訊）以及維持足夠水分預防高血糖高滲透壓狀態下的脫水。這是預防急性併發症最重要的安全護理。
Clients with Type 1 Diabetes must continue taking insulin during illness because physiological stress increases insulin requirements to prevent hyperglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis. Frequent blood glucose monitoring and ketone testing are essential to detect metabolic changes early, while increased fluid intake helps prevent dehydration caused by fever or vomiting.