— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師應監測酒精戒斷症候群病人的哪些症狀？（選所有適合的）
Which signs and symptoms should the nurse monitor for in a client experiencing alcohol withdrawal? (Select all that apply.)
- ADiaphoresis✓ 正解盜汗
- BTachycardia✓ 正解心搏過速
- CHypotension低血壓
- DTremors✓ 正解震顫
- EHypertension✓ 正解高血壓
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
酒精戒斷症候群（Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome）的病理機轉源於長期酒精抑制中樞神經，停止攝入後導致大腦出現「反彈性」的交感神經系統（Sympathetic Nervous System）亢進。護理重點在於監測自主神經不穩定的跡象，包括心跳過速、高血壓、出汗及震顫。嚴重者可能進展至酒精戒斷譫妄（Delirium Tremens），伴隨意識混亂與幻覺。臨床上需優先處理生命徵象異常，以防心血管併發症。
Alcohol withdrawal triggers sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity, leading to autonomic instability. Nurses must monitor for signs such as diaphoresis, tachycardia, tremors, and hypertension, which result from catecholamine release. Hypotension is not typical, as the sympathetic surge usually elevates blood pressure.