— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · SATA —
哪些症狀會提醒護理師病人可能正處於酒精戒斷狀態？（選所有適合的）
Which signs or symptoms would alert the nurse that a client is experiencing alcohol withdrawal? (Select all that apply.)
- ADiaphoresis✓ 正解盜汗
- BHand tremors✓ 正解手部震顫
- CBradycardia心搏過緩
- DHallucinations✓ 正解幻覺
- EHypertension✓ 正解高血壓
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
酒精戒斷症狀反映了中樞神經系統的過度興奮。典型的臨床特徵包括自主神經功能亢進（如發汗、高血壓、心跳過速）、震顫，以及認知障礙如幻覺。心跳過速是常見特徵，而非心跳過緩。早期識別這些跡象對於預防更嚴重的戒斷性癲癇發作至關重要。
Alcohol withdrawal symptoms reflect central nervous system hyperexcitability. Typical clinical features include autonomic hyperactivity (such as diaphoresis, hypertension, tachycardia), tremors, and cognitive disturbances such as hallucinations. Tachycardia, not bradycardia, is characteristic. Early recognition of these signs is critical to preventing more severe withdrawal seizures.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫院多採 CIWA-Ar 量表進行常規監測；台灣臨床則多以醫師判斷為主，對戒斷風險評估的標準化執行程度不一。