護理師準備經由周邊置入中心靜脈導管（PICC）給藥，哪項操作最為關鍵？
A nurse is preparing to administer medication via a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). Which action is the highest priority?
- ACheck the placement of the dressing檢查敷料放置情況
- BClean the injection port with alcohol for 15 seconds✓ 正解用酒精清潔注射端口 15 秒
- CFlush the line with normal saline用生理鹽水沖洗管路
- DAspirate for blood return回抽確認血液回流
中心靜脈導管相關感染（CLABSI）風險最高。給藥前的「消毒接口」是預防病原體直接進入血流最關鍵的一步。酒精擦拭需達 15 秒以上並自然風乾，以確保微生物負荷量降至最低，這是所有給藥步驟中最具保護力的感染控制行為。
The highest priority action before administering medication through a PICC line is to vigorously clean the injection port with alcohol for at least 15 seconds to prevent central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI). This disinfection step is critical for maintaining aseptic technique and reducing microbial load. While checking dressings, flushing, and aspirating for blood return are important assessments, they do not directly prevent infection introduction during medication administration.
美式護理強調「Scrub the Hub」概念，台灣臨床在執行時常忽略摩擦時間，需加強對護理人員的實務操作規範訓練。