護理師照護一名剛完成全髖關節置換術的病人。哪項措施是預防術後併發症的優先事項？
A nurse is caring for a client who has just undergone a total hip arthroplasty. Which action is the priority to prevent potential post-operative complications?
- AMaintain hip abduction using an abduction pillow✓ 正解使用外展枕保持髖關節外展
- BPerform passive range of motion exercises on the affected leg對患肢進行被動關節活動度運動
- CEncourage the client to sit in a low chair for comfort鼓勵病人坐低椅以獲得舒適
- DApply heat packs to the surgical site在手術部位應用熱敷包
全髖關節置換術（Total Hip Arthroplasty, THA）後的術後照護重點在於預防假體脫位（Dislocation）。術後病人由於關節囊尚在修復，極易因內收（Adduction）、屈曲（Flexion）超過90度或內旋（Internal rotation）而導致假體脫出。使用外展枕（Abduction pillow）能強制維持髖關節外展，這是術後初期最有效的預防性護理措施。臨床思路應優先考慮預防物理性脫位，保障手術效果。
To prevent hip dislocation after total hip arthroplasty, the priority action is to maintain hip abduction using an abduction pillow. This positioning keeps the femoral head within the acetabulum and prevents dangerous movements such as adduction, internal rotation, or flexion beyond 90 degrees. Other actions like passive range of motion or sitting in low chairs increase dislocation risk.
在美國，THA術後會嚴格執行「髖關節預防限制（Hip Precautions）」，通常包含術後6-12週內不彎腰超過90度、不交叉雙腿、不內旋。台灣臨床亦遵循此原則，但在術後輔具（如外展枕）的使用時程上，美國醫院通常由物理治療師（PT）主導早期下床與動作指導，護理師則負責執行並監控這些限制。