護理師正在檢查一名接受持續腸道營養灌食病人的胃殘餘量 (GRV),結果為 300 mL。護理師的首要行動為何?
A nurse is checking the gastric residual volume (GRV) of a client receiving continuous enteral feedings. The GRV is 300 mL. What should be the nurse's first action?
- AWithhold the feeding and reassess in one hour✓ 正解暫停灌食並在一小時後重新評估
- BPlace the client in a prone position將病人置於俯臥姿勢
- CIncrease the infusion rate to meet nutritional goals增加輸注速率以達成營養目標
- DDiscard the residual volume丟棄殘餘量
在腸道營養灌食(enteral feedings)的病人中,監測胃殘餘量(Gastric Residual Volume, GRV)是護理師評估病人胃排空功能和預防潛在併發症的重要措施。高胃殘餘量表示胃排空延遲,這會增加病人發生腹脹、噁心、嘔吐,甚至最危險的吸入性肺炎(aspiration pneumonia)的風險。 當 GRV 達到 300 mL 時,根據美國腸道與靜脈營養學會(ASPEN)及其他臨床指南,雖然 GRV 的閾值有所爭議(過去常為 200-250 mL,現多放寬至 500 mL),但 300 mL 已是需要警惕的數值。此時,護理師的首要行動應是「暫停灌食並在一小時後重新評估」。這是因為病人安全是首要考量,暫停灌食能立即降低吸入性肺炎的風險,並給予胃部時間排空。重新評估則能判斷胃排空情況是否改善,再決定後續處置。
A gastric residual volume (GRV) of 300 mL indicates delayed gastric emptying, which increases the risk of aspiration pneumonia. The nurse's priority action is to withhold the enteral feeding to prevent further accumulation and potential regurgitation. The feeding should be reassessed after one hour to determine if gastric motility has improved before resuming administration.
美國最新指南對 GRV 監測趨向寬鬆,除非有其他症狀;台灣目前多數醫院仍維持 250mL 閾值。