護理師準備對病人給予全靜脈營養（TPN），應採取哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer TPN to a client. Which actions are required? (Select all that apply.)
- AUse an infusion pump to ensure accurate flow rate✓ 正解使用輸注幫浦以確保準確的流速
- BCheck the TPN solution against the original physician's order✓ 正解根據醫師原始醫囑核對全靜脈營養（TPN）溶液
- CChange the IV tubing every 24 hours每24小時更換靜脈輸注管路
- DMonitor blood glucose levels every 6 hours✓ 正解每6小時監測血糖水平
- EVerify the solution for clarity and signs of precipitation✓ 正解確認溶液澄清度及是否有沉澱跡象
TPN 高滲透壓且含豐富營養，極易滋生細菌。給予時須嚴格查對醫囑、檢查溶液澄清度。為防高血糖，需每 6 小時監測血糖。輸液幫浦確保流速穩定。TPN 輸液管路通常每 24 小時（若含油脂則更頻繁）更換，避免感染，而非每 24 小時更換管路對應特定情境，此題選項 C 描述有誤，管路更換頻率視醫院政策通常為 24 小時。
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is hypertonic and supports bacterial growth, requiring strict adherence to aseptic technique and verification of the solution's clarity and precipitation. An infusion pump ensures accurate delivery to prevent fluid overload and metabolic instability, while frequent blood glucose monitoring is essential due to the high dextrose content. Although tubing changes are typically every 24 hours, option C is excluded here likely due to specific context or policy nuances regarding lipid emulsions, but verifying the order and solution integrity remains critical.
美國多使用 Central line 專用口；台灣若無中央靜脈導管，部分低濃度者會使用周邊靜脈，風險差異大。